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Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- PART 1: Randomness in all of its Aspects -- 1 Classical, Quantum and Biological Randomness as Relative Unpredictability -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.1.1. Brief historical overview -- 1.1.2. Preliminary remarks -- 1.2. Randomness in classical dynamics -- 1.3. Quantum randomness -- 1.4. Randomness in biology -- 1.5. Random sequences: a theory invariant approach -- 1.6. Classical and quantum randomness revisited -- 1.6.1. Classical versus algorithmic randomness

1.6.2. Quantum versus algorithmic randomness -- 1.7. Conclusion and opening: toward a proper biological randomness -- 1.8. Acknowledgments -- 1.9. References -- 2 In The Name of Chance -- 2.1. The birth of probabilities and games of chance -- 2.1.1. Solutions -- 2.1.2. To what end? -- 2.2. A very brief history of probabilities -- 2.3. Chance? What chance? -- 2.4. Prospective possibility -- 2.4.1. LLN + CLT + ENIAC = MC -- 2.4.2. Generating chance through numbers -- 2.4.3. Going back the other way -- 2.4.4. Prospective possibility as master of the world?

2.5. Appendix: Congruent generators, can prospective chance be periodic? -- 2.5.1. A little modulo n arithmetic -- 2.5.2. From erratic arithmetic to algorithmic randomness -- 2.5.3. And, the winner is ... Mersenne Twister 623 -- 2.6. References -- 3 Chance in a Few Languages -- 3.1. Classical Sanskrit -- 3.2. Persian and Arabic -- 3.3. Ancient Greek -- 3.4. Russian -- 3.5. Latin -- 3.6. French -- 3.7. English -- 3.8. Dice, chance and the symbolic world -- 3.9. References -- 4 The Collective Determinism of Quantum Randomness -- 4.1. True or false chance -- 4.2. Chance sneaks into uncertainty

4.3. The world of the infinitely small -- 4.4. A more figurative example -- 4.5. Einstein's act of resistance -- 4.6. Schr�odinger's cat to neutrino oscillations -- 4.7. Chance versus the anthropic principle -- 4.8. And luck in life? -- 4.9. Chance and freedom -- 5 Wave-Particle Chaos to the Stability of Living -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The chaos of the wave-particle -- 5.3. The stability of living things -- 5.4. Conclusion -- 5.5. Acknowledgments -- 5.6. References -- 6 Chance in Cosmology: Random and Turbulent Creation of Multiple Cosmos -- 6.1. Is quantum cosmology oxymoronic?

6.4. Loop lament -- 6.5. The quantum vacuum exists, Casimir has met it -- 6.6. The generosity of the quantum vacuum -- 6.7. Landscapes -- 6.8. The good works of Inflation -- 6.9. Sub species aeternitatis -- 6.10. The smiling vacuum -- 7 The Chance in Decision: When Neurons Flip a Coin -- 7.1. A very subjective utility -- 7.2. A minimum rationality -- 7.3. There is noise in the choices -- 7.4. On the volatility of parameters -- 7.5. When the brain wears rose-tinted glasses -- 7.7. The will to move an index finger -- 7.8. Free will in debate -- 7.9. The virtue of chance -- 7.10. References

8 To Have a Sense of Life: A Poetic Reconnaissance.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Chance, Calculation and Life brings together 16 original papers from the colloquium of the same name, organized by the International Cultural Center of Cerisy in 2019. From mathematics to the humanities and biology, there are many concepts and questions related to chance. What are the different types of chance? Does chance correspond to a lack of knowledge about the causes of events, or is there a truly intrinsic and irreducible chance? Does chance preside over our decisions? Does it govern evolution? Is it at the origin of life? What part do chance and necessity play in biology? This book answers these fundamental questions by bringing together the clear and richly documented contributions of mathematicians, physicists, biologists and philosophers who make this book an incomparable tool for work and reflection.

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